Permits and rights

Private Employment Agency Rules by Malaysian Region

One statute, Act 246, applies across the whole country — but which office administers it, and what a household can actually check, differs by region.

The short answer

The Private Employment Agencies Act 1981 is a single Malaysia-wide law, and its licence categories, fee caps, and penalties are identical everywhere — a Category B or C licence is required to legally place a foreign domestic worker, and a household can check a licence against a public register. What differs by region is who administers it and what’s actually checkable: JTKSM runs Peninsular Malaysia’s process with a live, searchable public register; Sabah runs its own process through JTK Sabah under the same Act, mirroring the same categories and fees; and Sarawak runs its own process through JTKSWK, which has published static lists of licensed agencies periodically rather than a continuously live register. The Act names each region’s administering office directly in its own interpretation section.

At a glance

The statute
Private Employment Agencies Act 1981 [Act 246]One Malaysia-wide law — the same licence categories, fee caps, and penalties apply in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak alike.
Peninsular Malaysia
JTKSM, with a live public registerA searchable register showing each licensed agency’s category, validity window, and company registration number.
Sabah
JTK Sabah, same categories and feesIts own FAQ mirrors the same Act 246 categories and penalties; whether it publishes a searchable public register the way JTKSM does isn’t confirmed.
Sarawak
JTKSWK, periodic static listsPublishes licensed-agency lists as static documents rather than a continuously live searchable register — check the current version directly rather than relying on an old link.

One statute, one set of licence categories, everywhere

Act 246 sets out three licence categories: Category A covers placement within Malaysia only, Category B adds placement of a foreign domestic servant within Malaysia, and Category C adds placement of a non-citizen employee generally. A household hiring a foreign domestic worker needs an agency holding Category B or C — this requirement, and the fee caps and penalties that go with it, are identical whichever region the household is in, because it’s the same Act throughout the country.

What an agency may legally charge is narrower than most households expect, and this is also identical nationwide: the Act caps exactly two fee types — a registration fee and a placement fee — and both are owed by the worker being placed, not a general fee the agency charges the household for its overall service. No official source anywhere in the country publishes a cap on what an agency may charge a household for its overall placement package.

Where the actual administering office differs

The Act’s own interpretation section names a different “Director General” for each region: the Director General of Labour for Peninsular Malaysia (the same office that oversees the Employment Act 1955), the Director of Labour, Sabah (under the Sabah Labour Ordinance), and the Director of Labour, Sarawak (under the Sarawak Labour Ordinance). One statute, three separate administering structures.

JTKSM runs Peninsular Malaysia’s process with a live, searchable public register showing each agency’s full company name, registration number, licence category, and validity window. JTK Sabah runs its own equivalent process with its own FAQ mirroring the same categories and penalties, though whether it publishes a comparably searchable public register isn’t confirmed. JTKSWK administers Sarawak’s licensing and has published static lists of licensed agencies periodically — the exact file changes with each update, so the current version needs checking directly rather than relying on any specific link.

Where to raise a concern, and why the answer also isn’t uniform

In Peninsular Malaysia, JTKSM’s general complaint channels — SISPAA, the eAduan@JTKSM app, phone, and email — are the documented route, though they’re framed primarily around employer-employee labour disputes rather than a household’s dispute with the agency itself specifically; since JTKSM is the same body that can suspend or revoke a licence, using the same channel for an agency-related concern is reasonable, without being a separately named, dedicated process. The digital-service listing for this specific channel also states it’s scoped to Peninsular Malaysia.

For Sabah and Sarawak, a household would go through JTK Sabah or JTKSWK directly rather than JTKSM’s channels — neither department’s own complaint-channel page was confirmed as matching JTKSM’s process, so confirming the right channel directly with the relevant regional department is the honest approach rather than assuming parity across all three regions.

The rules and figures here follow official Malaysian sources as at the review date, and your own situation can differ. Check what applies to your own case with the Immigration Department of Malaysia for permits and passes, or the Department of Labour Peninsular Malaysia for agency licensing and employment terms, before you act on it.

Questions this page answers

Does an agency need a different type of licence in Sabah or Sarawak?

No — the same Act 246 licence categories, Category B or C for foreign domestic worker placement, apply nationwide. Only the administering office differs by region.

Can I check a Sarawak agency’s licence the same way I’d check a Peninsular one?

Not quite the same way — JTKSM runs a continuously live, searchable register for Peninsular Malaysia, while JTKSWK has published static lists periodically rather than a live register. Check the current version directly with JTKSWK.

Is there an official cap on what an agency can charge my household overall?

No official source anywhere in the country publishes one. The Act’s fee caps apply to what’s owed by the worker being placed, not the household’s overall service fee, and this is the same gap in every region.

Where do I complain about an agency in Peninsular Malaysia?

JTKSM’s general channels — SISPAA, the eAduan@JTKSM app, phone, or email — are the documented route, though they’re framed mainly around labour disputes rather than agency-specific complaints.

What if my agency concern is in Sabah or Sarawak?

Go through JTK Sabah or JTKSWK directly rather than JTKSM’s channels — confirm the right process with the relevant regional department, since it isn’t confirmed to match the Peninsular one.

Private Employment Agency Rules by Malaysian Region

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DomesticHelper editorial teamReviewed 14 August 2026Sourced from Malaysian government registriesIndependent of the hiring agenciesEditorial standards
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